Kunal Walia - The Conceptual Surgery

Mastering Ward-Round Notes the Right Way: Explained by Dr. Shailesh Gupta

Estimated reading time: 5 minutes

Ward-round notes are much more than routine documentation—they reflect how well you understand your patient, how deeply you assess their condition, and how professionally you present your clinical work. In this blog, Dr. Shailesh Gupta, the originator of the Mastering Beginning Session: Page-by-Page Lecture Series on Conceptual Surgery, explains the most scientific and effective way to write ward-round notes using the S.O.A.P. method.

Below is the complete explanation, translated into English and framed clearly as a blog.

Why Are Ward-Round Notes So Important?

Generally, when we write notes, what should be our priorities, what should be our pattern—this is what we will discuss.

Whenever we go to the ward and pick up any sheet, we see all kinds of notes. Some are written very well. Some are written roughly. Some have too much information. Some have too little information. So I am going to tell you what the best scientific method is for writing notes.

And why—because your note is a reflection of your clinical work. A note is the best way to can impress your seniors. Your notes show how extensively you examined the patient and how systematically you assessed the case. Ideal notes should be concise, should contain all relevant information, and should not miss anything. It is honestly the easiest way to impress your seniors.

The S.O.A.P. Method for Writing Medical Notes

S – Subjective

The protocol to be followed for writing medical notes is known as S.O.A.P.—S-O-A-P. The first part is Subjective.

Subjective means whenever you reach the bedside, your first question should be simple: “How are you feeling?”

As soon as you ask this, the patient will start telling you what they have gone through in the last 24 hours. It will be vague, emotional, and subjective. But you must not interrupt the patient. Listen carefully. They will tell you their entire story:
“I had a lot of pain yesterday… I vomited… then I did this… then this happened… and later I felt better…”
You must listen to the full story exactly as it is and note it down. That is subjective.

Once the subjective part ends, you understand how the patient describes their events.

O – Objective

Next comes Objective.

Objective means now you go deeper into what the patient told you. You ask pointed, specific questions.

For example, if the patient said in the subjective part, “I had a lot of pain and two episodes of vomiting,” then in the objective part, you ask:

When did the pain start?
How long did it last?
What made it better?

If the patient mentions vomiting, you ask:

When did the vomiting occur?
Did it start after eating?
What was the colour?
How did it stop?
How is it now?

These are objective questions—questions with specific answers.

If the patient said, “I had a fever at night,” the objective questions would be:

Did anyone measure it?
What was the exact reading?
How long did it last?
Did it subside after paracetamol?

This is how you convert subjective complaints into objective details.

A – Assessment

Assessment means your clinical examination—per abdominal, respiratory, local examination, etc.

For example:

After asking subjective questions and clarifying objective details,
You examine the patient and write things like “soft, non-tender abdomen,”
“Bilateral air entry present and clear.”
Local wound condition, and so on.

This is your assessment.

P – Plan

Plan means what you are going to do after talking to the patient and examining them.

For example, if the patient said they had vomiting, fever, and pain…
If, objectively, you find the vomiting was bilious with 4–5 episodes…
If there were two fever spikes…
And during assessment, you find the abdomen is distended…

Then your plan might be:

Insert an NG tube
Start IV fluids
Start antibiotics
Get an X-ray
Get a scan

The plan can be divided into parts:

Change, addition, or removal of medications
Imaging (X-ray, scan, etc.)
Cross-consultations
Any interventions planned (for example, possible return to OT next day)

This is how your plan should be structured.

How a Well-Structured S.O.A.P. Note Looks?

If you write notes using Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan, it will look beautiful.

Imagine your senior arrives and sees a note like:

Subjective:
Patient seen by X Y Z, complaining of fever, vomiting, and pain… (and so on)
Objective:
Fever of this grade returned to baseline after paracetamol… Pain was colicky… Vomiting was bilious, two episodes… (and so on)
Assessment:
Per abdomen findings, chest examination, local examination… (as described)

Plan:

Insert NG tube, start IV fluids, supplement potassium, get CT scan done, monitor vitals, etc.

A good note should convey three things:

You have seen the patient.
You have made a plan.
If someone else reads your note in your absence, they should understand the entire case.

Conclusion:

So do not forget the S.O.A.P. format for writing medical notes. 99% of people still don’t know how to write proper ward-round notes, but it is a very important skill to have.

To watch more insightful sessions, join Conceptual Surgery

Understanding Pelvic Congestion Syndrome (PCS) and Venous Thrombosis: The Overlooked Causes of Pelvic Pain

Estimated reading time: 6 minutes

Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is one of the most challenging and often underdiagnosed conditions among women. While many causes are considered, like endometriosis, fibroids, or infections, one crucial and frequently missed reason is Pelvic Congestion Syndrome (PCS).

PCS arises due to ovarian and pelvic varicosities, leading to venous congestion within the pelvis. If not identified early, it can cause long-term discomfort and complications.

Who Is Most Commonly Affected?

If you don’t know, then we must tell you that the Pelvic Congestion Syndrome typically affects the premenopausal, multiparous women (especially for those who have given birth more than once), this is usually occurring between the ages of 40 and 45 years.

There were a lot of hormonal and physiological changes that happen during pregnancy can cause veins in the pelvis to expand and weaken, which gives resulting in poor venous drainage over time.

Want to know more? Then click here to watch the full recorded video – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VfrE81-hVXQ

Symptoms of Pelvic Congestion Syndrome

Women who have PCS usually it is present with chronic, dull, and non-cyclical pelvic pain. The pain often turns out to worsen:

After prolonged women face problems in standing or sitting
This also happens during or after sexual intercourse
Also affected in their premenstrual phase
Especially during pregnancy

Other associated symptoms include:

Menorrhagia is when you have heavy menstrual bleeding
Dyspareunia is the pain that happens during intercourse.
Lateral pelvic discomfort
Urinary symptoms or recurrent infections often occur in this.
Sometimes, visible vulvar or thigh varicosities

This is quite disturbing; the discomfort is not just physical but also affects the woman’s quality of life, which later on leads to anxiety, fatigue, and reduced activity.

Clinical Signs

During a physical examination, doctors may find:

Tenderness over the uterus and ovaries
Varicose veins on the vulva, inner thighs, or buttocks
Hemorrhoids or visible varicosities in the perineal region

These clues help direct attention toward vascular causes of pelvic pain, which are often overlooked.

Why Is Diagnosis Delayed?

Pelvic Congestion Syndrome is regularly diagnosed late because its symptoms are usually partly covered by other pelvic disorders like endometriosis, fibroids, or urinary tract infections.

The diagnosis is basically made after excluding other causes of chronic pelvic pain.

Investigations and Diagnostic Tests

1. Duplex Ultrasound

The first-line investigation is a Duplex Ultrasound, both abdominal and transvaginal.
It helps visualize the pelvic venous flow dynamically and is a rapid, accessible, and non-invasive outpatient test.

2. Advanced Imaging

If ultrasound reports findings are indeterminate, the following may be used:

MR Venography – it basically provides detailed imaging of pelvic veins.
Diagnostic Venography – it is basically considered the gold standard, as it perfectly visualizes the reflux and dilation of ovarian veins.

Management of Pelvic Congestion Syndrome

You know what the management of PCS includes: both medical and interventional approaches, which depend on symptom severity.

1. Psychotherapy

Chronic pain often alters pain perception. Psychotherapy helps patients cope by addressing the emotional and psychological impact of chronic pain.

2. Medical Management

Therapeutic Approach	Examples	Purpose
Hormonal Therapy	Progesterone, Danazol, GnRH agonists, Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)	Reduces venous dilatation and pelvic congestion
Pain Relief	NSAIDs	It provides symptomatic that give relief from chronic pain

3. Interventional/Surgical Treatment

The mainstay intervention is Endovascular Embolization.

Procedure: The dilated ovarian or pelvic veins are sealed using coils or sclerosing agents to stop reflux.
Advantages:
- This is minimally invasive
- It has lower perioperative morbidity
- The recovery time is too Short
- There is a high success rate for symptom relief

After consolidation, the imaging often shows the resolution of pelvic varicosities, which leads to significant pain improvement.

Venous Thromboembolism: A Related Concern

There is a relatable concern about transitioning from pelvic congestion to a broader vascular concern, Venous Thromboembolism (VTE). It’s basically essential to understand how venous disorders can lead to some serious issues in your body.

VTE basically refers to the formation of a semisolid clot (thrombus) within the venous system, which can block blood flow and give the results of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE).

Complications of Venous Thrombosis

Immediate: there’s an immediate pain you may suffer with, along with swelling or redness in the affected limb.
Long-term: Development of post-thrombotic syndrome, which typically leads to chronic pain and venous insufficiency.

Etiology and Pathophysiology: Virchow’s Triad

The development of venous thrombosis is perfectly explained by Virchow’s Triad, which includes these things:

Endothelial Damage – there is an injury to the vein wall, which is often due to trauma, surgery, or inflammation.
Venous Stasis – inactive or static blood flow, which is very common and happens during immobilization or long hospital stays.
Hypercoagulability – this is an increased tendency of the blood to clot due to assumption or acquired factors.

Predisposing Factors for VTE

Category	Examples
Hospitalization	Medical or surgical admissions
Trauma	Especially fractures of the pelvis or lower limbs
Pregnancy and Postpartum	Hormonal and venous changes increase clotting risk
Medications	Oral contraceptives, hormone therapy
Systemic Conditions	Heart failure, atherosclerosis, and postoperative immobility

Among these, endothelial injury remains the most critical risk factor, as it triggers inflammatory changes leading to a procoagulant surface that favors clot formation.

Inherited and Acquired Thrombophilia

You know? Certain individuals have a genetic tendency towards hypercoagulability (thrombophilia).
Examples include:

Resistance to activated Protein C
Factor V Leiden mutation
Prothrombin gene mutation

These conditions may not cause thrombosis alone but act synergistically with other risk factors such as surgery, immobility, or hormonal therapy.

Conclusion

You know that Pelvic Congestion Syndrome and Venous Thromboembolism are very different in presentation, which share a common ground in venous dysfunction.

On the other hand, the PCS manifests as chronic pelvic pain due to some venous dilation and reflux, and VTE, which presents as an acute or chronic thrombotic condition within the veins.

Early recognition of PCS can prevent unnecessary suffering and improve life quality through targeted therapies like embolization.

Similarly, understanding the risk factors and mechanisms of venous thrombosis allows clinicians to prevent life-threatening complications.

In essence, a comprehensive approach to pelvic and venous health, encompassing diagnosis, medical therapy, psychological support, and minimally invasive interventions, remains key to better outcomes for women affected by these underrecognized conditions.

DNB in Surgery: Complete Guide to Exam, Training, and Career Opportunities

Estimated reading time: 6 minutes

You know what, there is one question which is frequently asked among young doctors is, ‘What is DNB in Surgery?’ Especially when we talk about postgraduate surgical training in India,

This is one of the most respected postgraduate qualifications, Diplomate of National Board (DNB) in General Surgery, which is identical in recognition and value to an MS (Master of Surgery) degree. However, it contains a training structure, an evaluation system, and an examination process that have their own unique features.

This is your ultimate guide that covers everything about DNB Surgery you need to know, from the DNB entrance exam to eligibility, training modules, the DNB examination, practicals, DNB theory papers, and career prospects after completion.

DNB Examination Structure and Process

1. What is DNB in Surgery? Understanding the Course

So basically, the DNB Surgery is a postgraduate surgical residency training program that is conducted by the National Board of Examinations in Medical Sciences (NBEMS). It’s a very structured program that is especially designed to train doctors in their fundamental surgical skills, which include operative decision-making and proper patient management across all major surgical disciplines.

The DNB qualification holds equal value to the MD/MS degrees awarded by universities and is recognized by the National Medical Commission (NMC) and the Government of India.

This makes it an excellent choice for aspiring surgery residents who want high-quality, hands-on exposure in real clinical settings.

2. Duration and Course Structure of DNB Surgery

The DNB General Surgery program is basically 3 years long for post-MBBS residents. Those who have already completed their postgraduate diploma in surgery can definitely pursue a two-year secondary DNB course.

Training Overview

Year 1: Basics of surgical anatomy, wound management, aseptic techniques, and first-assist experience in surgeries.
Year 2: Rotations through surgical subspecialties (urology, orthopedics, oncology, plastic surgery), involvement in emergency care, and DNB preparation for theory exams.
Year 3: Independent case management, advanced surgeries, research work, and OSCE training for final practical evaluation.

The surgery residency training program ensures that residents develop not just operative skills but also clinical judgment and research aptitude.

3. Eligibility Criteria for DNB Surgery

If a resident wants to pursue DNB Surgery, they must:

They should have an MBBS degree from a recognized medical institution.
With that, they should have permanent or provisional registration with the NMC or State Medical Council.
Residents need to qualify in the NEET PG examination, which basically serves as the DNB entrance exam for postgraduate medical seats in India.

4. Admission Process for DNB Surgery

Admission to DNB Surgery is concentrated and conducted by the Medical Counselling Committee (MCC), which is based on NEET PG scores.

Steps to Admission

They need to qualify NEET PG / DNB entrance exam.
Then they have to register for MCC counselling, which is officially under the DNB Post-MBBS category.
Residents should be required to participate in the choice filling and locking of preferred hospitals or institutes.
Their Seat allotment is typically based on NEET PG rank and seat matrix.
The Document verification and joining are provided at the allotted center.

DNB training is offered across reputed NBEMS-accredited hospitals, including both government and private medical institutions.

5. Training Experience and Clinical Exposure

During the DNB Surgery training, residents gain subjection to multiple voluntary and emergency surgical cases in overloaded patients in hospitals.

The key features of the DNB Surgery residency program are:

They need to gain experience in various surgical procedures in multiple departments
Residents need to actively participate in ward rounds, operating theaters, and the trauma unit.
It is very much compulsory in research and composition preparation.
They can also participate in OSCE courses and exam preparation sessions before the final practical exam happens.

Regular internal assessment and evaluation by an external examiner.

6. The DNB Examination Pattern and Evaluation

The DNB examination evaluates both theoretical knowledge and clinical competence. It is known for its depth, objectivity, and national-level uniformity.

A. DNB Theory Papers

There are 4 DNB theory papers, each carrying 100 marks.
The DNB Paper pattern includes both short and long-answer questions.
Topics include general surgical principles, gastrointestinal surgery, urology, plastic surgery, pediatric surgery, trauma, and anesthesia.
Residents must achieve a minimum of 50% aggregate to qualify for practicals.

B. Practical / Clinical Examination

You know, when the residents clear their DNB theory, they have to appear for the DNB OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) and Viva Voce as well.

Residents know that OSCE training is very crucial at this stage, which typically involves simulation-based case discussions, medical image analysis, surgical instrument identification, and clinical decision-making exercises.

The DNB OSCE ensures that each candidate has strong practical skills, awareness of patient safety, and effective clinical decision-making.

7. DNB vs MS in Surgery, Key Differences

Aspect	DNB in Surgery	MS in Surgery
Conducted by	NBEMS	Medical Universities
Training Location	Accredited hospitals	Medical colleges
Evaluation	Centralized DNB exam	University exams
Exposure	High-patient-volume hospitals	Structured college setup
Difficulty Level	Higher (especially DNB theory papers and OSCE)	Moderate
Recognition	Equivalent to MS	Recognized by NMC

Both are recognized qualifications, and a DNB General Surgeon is equally eligible for super-specialty courses (MCh/DNB SS) and teaching positions across India.

8. Daily Life of a DNB Surgery Resident

A surgery residency is demanding yet deeply fulfilling. The day of a DNB trainee involves:

They have to go on early morning ward rounds
Residents have to give pre- and post-operative care
They have to assist and perform surgeries
Attending regular academic discussions and DNB preparation sessions
Residents have to prepare case presentations for the DNB exam and the OSCE course

The training nurtures precision, discipline, and decision-making, the core of every successful surgeon’s identity.

9. Career Opportunities After DNB Surgery

Upon completing DNB in Surgery, multiple paths open up:

General Surgeon: Work in hospitals or private setups.
Teaching Faculty: Eligible for Assistant Professor and higher academic roles.
Private Practice: Build a specialized surgical clinic or group practice.
Super-specialization: Pursue MCh or DNB SS in fields such as:
- Urology
- Surgical Oncology
- Cardiothoracic Surgery
- Neurosurgery
- Plastic Surgery
International Recognition: Many DNB graduates successfully qualify for PLAB, USMLE, or other global licensing exams.

The DNB qualification thus serves as a solid foundation for advanced SS preparation and global surgical careers.

Conclusion: The Pathway to Surgical Excellence

Can you imagine that pursuing a DNB in Surgery is not just an academic option; it is a professional change.

Overall, the concentrated surgery residency, basically very much challenging the DNB theory, accurate DNB exams, and a practical OSCE course training, this program casts you into a surgeon who balances both of things like technology and science, as well as compassion and exactness.

It is quite difficult for those who put in the hard work and discipline, but you know, DNB Surgery proves to be one of the most rewarding journeys in modern medicine for residents. This program provides global opportunities for teaching, research, and super-specialization for secure their future.

What is MRCS? Complete Guide for You

Estimated reading time: 4 minutes

Are you a medical graduate or student who wants to pursue a career in surgery? You must have heard of the MRCS exam. Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons (MRCS) is a key milestone for future surgeons, particularly those who desire to carry out surgery in the UK as well as other nations with recognition of UK qualifications.

In this blog, we’ll break down what MRCS is, its importance, the structure of the exam, eligibility, and how it fits into your journey toward a surgery residency program or preparing for super-speciality exams.

What is MRCS?

The MRCS (Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons is a joint examination between the four Royal Colleges of Surgeons in the UK and Ireland that tests the knowledge, skills, and qualities a doctor needs to become a surgeon. They are:

Royal College of Surgeons of England
Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow
Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland

Passing the MRCS exam is a significant milestone on the path to entering higher surgical training in the UK and most Commonwealth countries. It’s commonly attempted by surgery residents who wish to pursue their professional development.

Why is the MRCS Important?

Gateway to Surgical Training: MRCS is a requirement for higher speciality training in surgery for most medical aspirants.

Global Recognition: The MRCS has recognition in many nations, serving as an important qualification for those who intend to practice abroad.

Structured Assessment: It verifies your clinical skills and knowledge, consistent with global standards.

Whether you are aiming for a surgery residency in the UK or an international exposure, the MRCS goes a long way in enhancing your profile.

Structure of the MRCS Exam

The MRCS exam consists of two parts:

Part A – Written Exam

Format: Two papers of multiple-choice questions (MCQs)
Duration: 5 hours total (2 papers)

Focus Areas: Applied basic sciences and general principles of surgery

Conducted: Every three months

Part B – OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination)

Type: Practical test through stations
Focus Areas: Clinical knowledge, communication, technical and decision-making skills
Conducted: Several times a year in different international centres

Who Can Apply for MRCS?

You can apply for the MRCS exam if:

You possess a UK General Medical Council (GMC)-recognised medical degree.
You have finished one year of internship (for international applicants).
You are in or preparing to enter a surgery residency program.
Numerous medical aspirants prepare for the MRCS while doing internships or even during the early years of residency.

MRCS vs SS Exam: What’s the Difference?

Numerous people mix up the MRCS exam with India’s Super Speciality Exam (SS Exam). Although both are important for progress in surgical careers, they are used for different purposes:

MRCS: Internationally accepted; leads to training in the UK and Commonwealth nations.
SS Exam: India-specific; admission to India’s MCh/DM super speciality courses requires it.

Nevertheless, most medical aspirants take both to have international and domestic options available.

MRCS Preparation: How to Begin?

Effective MRCS preparation is the secret to success. Here are some tips:

Start Early: Start studying in your last years of MBBS or at an early residency.
Use the Right Resources: Stick to MRCS-specific books, question banks, and online tutorials.
Practice OSCEs: Participate in study groups or training sessions in your local area to simulate real-life situations.
Mock Exams: Repeat mock tests consistently to gauge your preparedness and enhance time management.

Conclusion:

The MRCS examination is a highly regarded and satisfying portal for surgeons seeking international acknowledgement. Regardless of your goals in pursuing a surgery residency, aspiring to super speciality exams, or merely seeking enhanced career prospects, MRCS provides an internationally respected qualification that attests to your clinical ability and dedication to surgical excellence.

If you’re a medical aspirant who wishes to pursue surgery, it’s time to plan your MRCS preparation. It’s not an entrance examination – it’s a move towards your future in surgery.

Diwali Dhamaka Offer – Make Your Residency Smarter with Conceptual Surgery | Flat ₹12k Off + 3 Months Free

Estimated reading time: 2 minutes

Residency life in surgery isn’t easy — long hours, never-ending cases, and a mind that’s constantly juggling between OT and exam prep. But what if this Diwali, you could take one step that makes your journey smoother, simpler, and sharper?

That’s exactly what Conceptual Surgery is here for — a space built by real surgeons who know what residency actually feels like. Whether you’re in MS or DNB, or preparing for NEET SS, this platform gives you everything you need to build confidence — not just for exams, but for your surgical career.

And yes, the timing couldn’t be better. Because this Diwali, the biggest offer of the year is here for you!

Diwali Dhamaka Offer

Flat ₹12,000 OFF + 3 Months Extra FREE
Valid from 3rd October (12:00 AM) to 23rd October (11:59 PM)
Use Code: ECBLOG before the lights go out!

Why Residents Trust Conceptual Surgery?

Complete, System-Wise Learning
From head and neck to GI, breast, urology, and vascular — every system is broken down clearly so you understand why you’re doing what you do.
Real Surgical Demonstrations
Step into the OT from wherever you are. Watch real surgical procedures explained by experienced surgeons who’ve lived those moments themselves.
Exam-Focused Prep
Structured notes, concise theory, and NEET SS-style MCQs — everything you need to stay ready without wasting a single hour.
Mentorship That Feels Personal
Learn from teachers who actually care. Ask questions, get feedback, and attend live sessions that don’t just teach — they inspire.

This Diwali, Don’t Just Celebrate — Upgrade Your Residency

Conceptual Surgery isn’t just about videos or notes — it’s about thinking like a surgeon. Hundreds of MS/DNB residents and NEET SS toppers have already built their foundation here, guided by India’s top faculty.

If you’ve been waiting for the right time to join, this is it. Because offers like this don’t come twice in a year.

Books for Surgery Residency: Your Essential Guide

Estimated reading time: 4 minutes

You know that a Surgery Residency is one of the most demanding and satisfying journeys in medicine. This journey requires some skills and flexibility, but the most important thing is the right resources to guide your preparation and practice. These books, always been the best foundation of surgical learning. Today’s residents need material that is concise-easy to understand, exam-oriented, and clinically relevant.

The faculty at Conceptual Surgery has designed this professional set of four books that provide exactly this: comprehensive content, exam-focused, and resident-friendly.

Why Books Still Matter in Surgery Residency?

While structured videos, live discussions, and digital apps have transformed learning, books remain unique for strong learning and quick revision.

They allow structured reading, which has easy citation and decent preparation before exams or case discussions. For a surgical resident, the right book can make a big difference in your career between clarity and confusion, confidence and hesitation.

The Exclusive Set of 4 Books for Surgery Residents

So basically, Conceptual Surgery offers a set of four important books, which are available simply for premium subscribers. These books are especially made to help residents master both practical clinical settings and competitive exams like NEET SS and DNB Surgery.

1. Surgery Q Bank: Multiple Choice Question Book

This book is your ultimate MCQ companion for super-specialty entrance exams. Authored by senior surgical faculty, it provides:

System-wise high-yield MCQs for important topics
Image & case-based questions, which are easy to learn
Blended with app videos
Online solutions & discussions

2. Concepts of Clinical Examination in Surgery

This manual is a must-have for mastering your clinical skills. As it focuses on your practical application rather than comprehensive detail, it provides:

Gradually, guidance for examining major surgical systems.
There will be bulleted, diagram-supported content for easy examination.
Case-based approach, helping residents prepare for real clinical scenarios.
This book should be the Perfect one for your last-minute revisions before examinations and ward postings.

The book emphasizes that the patient is the best teacher, encouraging residents to integrate textbook learning with bedside practice.

3 & 4. DNB Master Solutions in Surgery (Volume 1 & 2)

These two volumes are specially designed for the DNB Surgery theory exam preparation. They feature:

Coverage of 40 papers and 400 real exam questions (2020–2024).
High-yield topics like hernia, wound healing, biostatistics, and radiology.
Time-saving format with authentic, exam-focused content.
This is the best thing for daily practice, structured revision, and exam confidence.

Together, these volumes serve as the best theory preparation books for surgery residents.

How These Books Complement Residency Training?

Clinical grounding: The Clinical Examination manual helps you build confidence in patient assessment and bedside skills.
Exam readiness: You know the Surgery Question Bank and DNB Master Solutions will highly sharpen your preparation for NEET SS and DNB exams.
Integrated learning: Integrated learning has been paired with Conceptual Surgery’s app videos; the books strike a balance between theory, MCQs, and practical application.

Why Choose Conceptual Surgery Books?

Authored by Leading Faculty: Trusted teachers with years of surgical teaching experience.
Exam-Focused Content: Saves time by cutting out irrelevant material.
Resident-Friendly Design: The text is basically a Bulleted text along with diagrams, and authentic exam questions for productive study.
Exclusive Access: It is only available to premium subscribers, while making sure with quality and uniqueness.

Final Word

A surgery residency tests not just to sharpen your knowledge but also your endurance, for quick decision-making, and clinical judgment. The right set of books can provide the clarity and structure needed to master this journey. Conceptual Surgery has provided the 4-book set, which is more than just study material, as it’s an associate for every resident who is aiming to do a master’s in both surgery and the exams that shape their career.

If you’re a surgery resident, investing in these books means investing in your success, confidence, and growth as a future surgeon.

269 in DNB Theory! Dr. Pallab Roy Shares His Secrets to Success with Dr. Amrit Nasta

Estimated reading time: 5 minutes

Hello, my dear friends, I am Dr. Amrit Nasta, your surgery faculty at the CSF, and today I have the honour of introducing and congratulating Dr. Pallab Roy, who has secured an amazing 269 score in his DNB theory papers.

First of all, Dr. Pallab, congratulations. That is truly an awesome score. Let me tell you, students are so fearful of the DNB papers. They feel passing is so difficult and wonder how to clear it with residency. But here we have a live example, and you must be in the top 10, I am sure, in the university. Officially, it has not come, sir, but mostly.

So, Dr. Pallab Roy, tell me first a little bit about yourself—where you are currently working, doing a residency.

Dr. Pallab Roy: “Currently, I am a third-year postgraduate resident, sir, at District Hospital, Dharwad. It’s in Karnataka.”

When you were preparing for the theory, did you get time during your DNB years? How did you start preparing?

Dr. Pallab Roy: “Sir, from first year only I started studying, sir. From first year, Bailey and Love—I started. Actually my HOD sir has a big role in this. From the very beginning he used to tell, you have to study, like these three years are like a penance to you. You have to study, you have to study, you have to work, you have to study, you have to work.”

So when you used to study, you must have thought there is so much portion. How did you do it with so much work Monday to Sunday? Did you get stressed?

Dr. Pallab Roy: “In first year, I started studying, sir, but I used to study very lost. After my first FAT exam, sir, when the question paper came, it was a disaster. That habit of MBBS leaves you to write answers, right? It was so long ago and suddenly we are in a professional environment, then someone tells you to write answers on anything and everything.”

Then how did you prepare for theory? You must not have got much time.

Dr. Pallab Roy: “Sir, I would like to say that before your videos, I just happily studied; there was no path, just studied. But after the videos, I got a point that yes, I have to go in this path, then I will have something in the future, I will be able to study, I will be able to retain something. The first chapter is Metabolic Response to Injury, sir, I saw your videos, sir, I used to read Bailey and Love.”

4. I heard this time the DNB theory papers, like always, had a lot of repeated questions. Did you solve the papers also? I have recorded almost all the papers on the app.

Dr. Pallab Roy: “Almost, sir, almost maximum, sir, except for the first paper. Maximum questions were repeated. There were some comedic questions, sir, but that was also almost repeated. If you solve the previous papers properly, then it makes a big difference.”

So what is the plan for the future?
You will have your practical maybe in a month’s time. We are having a lot of ongoing lectures with senior faculty on the app. Are you planning to attend them so that you are ready for the practical?

Dr. Pallab Roy: “I will utilize them, sir, for the practicals, obviously. Because theory is tough and practice is also tough. And again, we lose that track of presenting cases. On your app, I have seen senior teachers who regularly, weekly discuss different cases. And you can also present cases if you want. Then when you go in for your practicals, you will be very confident.”

So what are your plans for the future?

Dr. Pallab Roy: “Sir, the plans for the future should be practical for now. Then on the 7th of November, we have our NEET SS exam. I am planning to crack the NEET SS exam this year.”

I have also recorded the video explanation of our very good Q-Bank for NEET SS. You can watch that as well, if you have time. And what are you planning to take in the NEET SS exam?

Dr. Pallab Roy: “For now, sir, I would like to take Plastic Surgery. And CVTS. Plastic and CVTS—I will take either of them.”

Great, great. So, Dr. Pallab, I won’t take any more of your time. Thank you so much for joining us and congratulations. Soon, you will clear your practicals also. Then you will become a surgeon—certified—and then maybe Plastic Surgeon or CVTS Surgeon. All the best for your future.

Dr. Pallab Roy: “Thank you, sir. Thank you so much for your time. Thank you.”

Click Here to Watch: Shocking Truth About DNB Theory Exam Scores Revealed by Dr. Pallab Roy

Bladder Injury in Surgery Residency: Causes, Anatomy & Management

Estimated reading time: 4 minutes

Bladder injury may not be the most common trauma we encounter during surgery residency, but it should never be overlooked. More often than not, it shows up as an associated injury—especially in cases of pelvic fractures or major abdominal trauma. The danger lies in missing the diagnosis, because delayed recognition can lead to serious complications for the patient.

That’s why understanding bladder injury is so important for every surgical resident. In this blog, we’ll walk through the causes, relevant anatomy, mechanisms of injury, and the principles of surgical management—so that you can approach it with confidence when it comes up in real practice.

Introduction:

Bladder injuries are broadly divided into two categories:

Extraperitoneal bladder injuries are most typically caused by pelvic fractures.

Intraperitoneal bladder injuries – typically due to high-energy trauma to a distended bladder, e.g., a direct blow to the lower abdomen.

Whilst extraperitoneal injuries may be treated with an indwelling catheter, intraperitoneal and complex injuries will typically need surgical repair.

Causes of Bladder Injury

The causes are divided into three broad categories:

Polytrauma and Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs)

Motor vehicle accidents are a leading cause.

Pelvic fractures associated with the same are frequent.

Violent Crimes & Blunt Trauma

Punches, kicks, or assault to a full bladder.

Early presentation is usually seen in cases of domestic violence or assaults at work.

Iatrogenic Causes

Bladder injury during surgeries, especially obstetric and gynecological procedures.

In complicated C-sections, bladder injury can happen because of its close proximity to the pregnant uterus.

Incidence: approximately 13.8 per 1000 obstetric/gynecological operations (study series dependent).

Notably, iatrogenic bladder injuries constitute a high percentage of total bladder injuries, testifying to the need for surgical care.

Mechanisms of Bladder Trauma

Bladder injury results from blunt trauma or penetrating trauma.

Blunt Trauma
- Example: Full bladder hit during a fall, accident, or kick.
- Frequently causes intraperitoneal rupture.
- Pelvic fractures may also lead to extraperitoneal rupture due to bone fragments.

Penetrating Trauma
- Responsible for almost 51% of bladder injuries in certain studies.
- Due to sharp pelvic bone spicules or penetrating objects.
Incidence
- Bladder trauma is responsible for approximately 1.6% of blunt abdominopelvic injuries.
- Although relatively uncommon, its associated nature renders intent-based evaluation mandatory.

Anatomy of the Bladder – Why It Matters

Knowing the anatomy of the bladder helps one comprehend the mechanism of injury.

The dome of the Bladder is invested by the peritoneum → more susceptible to intraperitoneal ruptures on a full bladder.

Anterior Wall and Neck are extra-peritoneal and intimately connected to the pubic symphysis and ligaments of the pelvis → susceptible in pelvic fractures.

In women, the utero-vesical pouch and in men, the recto-vesical pouch, indicate the relationship of the bladder with the peritoneum and adjacent structures.

This anatomy accounts for why pelvic trauma usually results in extraperitoneal bladder injuries, whereas direct trauma to a distended bladder results in intraperitoneal rupture.

Pathophysiology of Bladder Injuries

The bladder can be injured in three primary manners:

Deceleration Injuries – brusque halt of the body (e.g., in RTAs) while the bladder keeps moving.

Inertia Injuries – kinetic impact of urine within the bladder leading to internal pressure fluctuations.

Direct Pelvic Fragment Injury – displaced fractures penetrating the wall of the bladder.

Types of Rupture

Extraperitoneal Rupture: Usually seen in pelvic fractures, treated conservatively by catheter drainage.

Intraperitoneal Rupture: Due to blunt injury to a distended bladder → needs surgical intervention.

Complications can be leakage of urine into the peritoneum, electrolyte disturbances, and risk of sepsis if not treated early.

Surgical Treatment of Bladder Injury

Extraperitoneal Bladder Injury
- Typically treated with a 10–14-day indwelling catheterisation.
- Surgery is reserved for complicated or refractory cases.
Intraperitoneal Bladder Injury
- Needs surgical repair through laparotomy.
- The bladder is closed in layers for watertight closure.
Iatrogenic Bladder Injury
- Found intraoperatively and repaired immediately.
- If diagnosed late post-operatively, treated based on severity and site.

Key Takeaways for Surgery Residents

Always consider bladder injury in polytrauma and pelvic fractures.
Understand the distinction between intraperitoneal vs. extraperitoneal injuries—management varies.
Never underestimate iatrogenic bladder injuries in pelvic or obstetric surgeries.
Early recognition and management are paramount to prevent complications such as sepsis, electrolyte disturbance, and the formation of fistula.

Conclusion:

Bladder trauma, although not very rare, is of significant clinical importance because of its correlation with pelvic fractures and abdominal injuries. Every surgery resident should have a clear knowledge of bladder anatomy, the mechanism of injury, and principles of surgery.

At Conceptual Surgery, we focus on developing not only knowledge but also surgical judgment so that you can handle such injuries with confidence during residency and after.

Master the DNB OSCE 2025 with Conceptual Surgery by Your Side

Estimated reading time: 4 minutes

So, have you made up your mind about the clear OSCE DNB 2025 exam? You know it requires a targeted approach, clinical clarity, and conceptual learning; it is no longer just about long OT hours and ward work. The DNB OSCE is a major turning point that happens in every surgical resident’s career, assessing the ability to practically apply knowledge in real situations.

Conceptual Surgery clearly understands these crucial challenges and provides resident-friendly, absolute plans that optimize OSCE preparation through case-based learning, faculty-approved materials, and organized modules.

With special Month-end offers like ₹7000 OFF (on Single & Buddy Plans, with code MONTHEND25) and MRCS & FRCS courses going to be available soon, Conceptual Surgery ensures that preparation is not only effective but also affordable.

Why the DNB OSCE Matters?

Just like other written exams, the OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) is specifically designed to evaluate your clinical reasoning, procedural skills, and communication abilities.

This exam serves as a link between residency and career progression for DNB surgery residents. Your DNB result here can pave the way for long-term professional success, international opportunities, and superspeciality training.

As a dedicated resident, you know that success doesn’t come easy. But with the DNB 2025 exam approaching, profound guidance and a well-organized roadmap are crucial to staying ahead.

How Conceptual Surgery Helps You Crack the DNB OSCE 2025?

Conceptual Surgery has made its reputation in one of the most well-founded platforms for surgical residents across India. Our program goes beyond textbooks and ward exposure, offering:

Well-maintained OSCE modules: It is basically designed to simulate actual exam stations, so you know what to await on exam day.
Case-based discussions: There will be practical and medically useful teaching that edge decision-making skills.
Well-defined notes & books: Faculty-approved resources that make the study material/concepts easy to grasp.
Expert Faculty: You can learn directly from top and expert mentors who have led countless residents to success in their DNB exam results.
Online + Offline Options: Flexible learning modes that easily fit into your residency schedule

Exclusive Book Set for Conceptual Surgery Residents

Specially to help our surgical residents master in DNB 2025 theory exam, our platform introduced with premium set of 4 books – DNB Master Solutions in Surgery (Volume 1 & 2).

These books have been written by experienced faculty of Conceptual Surgery, and designed with utmost precision to cover DNB theory and OSCE formats and are completely in line with the DNB exam pattern and requirements.

Exclusive Benefits for Subscribers

Exciting news for surgical aspirants! Conceptual Surgery has extended its Freedom Offer. You can now get ₹ 7,000 off on Single and Buddy plans using code JAIHIND25. But this offer is going to be valid for a very limited time.

So, your DNB 2025 exam preparation will now not only be effective but also affordable. But wait, not only this, very soon, MRCS & FRCS courses will also be available at special prices for all eConceptual subscribers.

This makes Conceptual Surgery a one-stop platform for preparation of both Indian and global exams.

Why Choose Conceptual Surgery for DNB OSCE 2025?

Proven ability to improve DNB outcomes.
Focused mentoring that balances systematic study and hospital responsibilities.
Affordable plans that offer special discounts to students.
Objective: To help translate each resident’s academic performance into excellent clinical practice.

Final Words

The real turning point in your surgical career will be your DNB 2025 result. Make sure you face this exam with clarity, confidence, and full preparation; don’t leave it to fate. You know, when Conceptual Surgery is with you, the path to passing the DNB OSCE exams becomes the most organised and achievable for everyone.

So, this is the right time to take action. Join Conceptual Surgery now to get closer to your dream DNB exam result.

Balancing OT, Wards, and Books: First-Year MS/DNB Surgery Residency Tips

Estimated reading time: 4 minutes

The beginning of your hardcore journey in an MS/DNB Surgery Residency is a mix of excitement and fear. You’ve cleared the MS exam, or DNB entrance exam, but the real test begins now, inside the hospital, ward, and operating theatre.

This guide is designed to help you adapt faster, learn smarter, and survive better in your first year while keeping your SS preparation, MS preparation, and DNB preparation on track.

Whether you’re gearing up for your MS exam, DNB examination, or long-term SS preparation, how you approach this year can make or break your residency journey.

Life as a First-Year Surgery Resident

The first year in Surgery Residency is intense, mentally, physically, and emotionally. The day begins with ward rounds before sunrise and often ends after midnight with the last OT case.

On-Call Nights – Sleep is rare; you’re often managing trauma cases, emergency surgeries, and critical patients.
OT Days – OT days required standing for hours, assisting your seniors, and trying to learn every step of every bit.
Ward Work – The ward work includes dressing changes, drain checks, and patient counseling, which repeats daily, but every time with more efficiency.
Learning Curve – Every day, you pick up new surgical techniques, decision-making skills, and time management hacks.

The Surgical Starter Kit: Tips, Tricks, and Tactics for Year One

Books: Staying Exam-Ready Amid Chaos

While work is demanding, ignoring your academic prep for DNB preparation or the MS exam will hurt in the long run.

Micro-study sessions – Take out 30 minutes from your busy schedule and create small study slots in between duties.
Focus on high-yield topics – Especially if you’re also eyeing the DNB entrance exam.
Revision cycles – Short, frequent reviews are better than marathon cramming.

For a more structured, resident-focused collection, Conceptual Surgery provides an exclusive 4-book set that is specifically designed for surgery residents. It includes the set of cover concepts, clinical approach, and exam-oriented preparation.

Time Management: The Survival Skill

The art of balancing OT, wards, and academics is your survival kit, so you should have done a masters in it.

Morning prep – First, you need to read the OT list, then plan your day.
Ward wrap-up – Then finish notes and pending work before moving to OT.
Study slots – Make time for studying, be it early in the morning or late at night.
Rest is important – Fatigue reduces both concentration and surgical performance, so rest properly.

Building Relationships and Professionalism

The best surgery residency programs value teamwork as much as skill.

Respect nurses and technicians, as they can make emergencies easier.
Watch your seniors carefully; their techniques often teach more than books.
Communicating clearly with patients and relatives builds trust and confidence.

Mental Resilience: Thriving Under Pressure

Burnout is real in the best surgery residency programs.

Build a support system – Co-residents, seniors, friends, and family.
Mind-body care – Exercise, short walks, and adequate hydration.
Celebrate small wins – Your first independent suture, a patient’s recovery, a well-handled complication.

Tips & Tricks for First-Year Surgery Residents

Keep a pocket notebook for important case notes, OT steps, and ward protocols.
Always carry essentials like a pen, a torch, a stethoscope, scissors, pen, and gloves.
Stay humble and approachable; surgical learning is a team sport.
Learn to say “I don’t know” when unsure, but also commit to finding the answer.

Final Word

Residents in their first year in a Surgery Residency Program sound too intense, but it’s the year that shapes your overall personality, identity as a profound surgeon. If you can master the art of balancing OT duties, ward responsibilities, and your academic pursuits, like MS/DNB. Then you’ll not only survive but bloom in this rewarding journey, definitely going to be your proud moment.

Whether you’re in the best surgery residency programs or a small-town setup doesn’t matter; but your true dedication, adaptability, and love for learning new things about your academic field will determine your growth. Keep your surgery books close, your mentors closer, and your passion for surgery closest of all.